The mass letter on misrepresentation of trespass will be going out this morning (Monday 26 Sept). The letter will be sent to all the major newspapers, and BBC and ITN news, probably before you read this.
The Guardian has what I think is a good article on the letter on the website here and hopefully also in today’s paper (Monday’s paper which I haven’t seen yet), headlined “Squatting law is being misrepresented to aid ministers’ reforms, claim lawyers”. The Guardian also has an edited version of the letter on the Letters page and the full version with signatures on the website here.
If there is any further media reporting, I’ll add it in to this post.
In all 158 lawyers and academics signed, as did HLPA as an organisation. A huge thank you to everyone who took part. That almost 160 people were prepared to add their names – and those from a wide range of practices – goes to show the strength of feeling (mostly being highly annoyed) on the issue.
For anyone not inclined to click through to the Guardian’s publication of the letter, the full text of the letter reads:
Dear Sirs
cc Grant Shapps, Crispin Blunt
We are legal academics, solicitors and barristers who practise in housing law acting for landlords, tenants, owners and occupiers. We are concerned that a significant number of recent media reports have stated that squatters who refuse to leave someone’s home are not committing a criminal offence and that a change in the law—such as that proposed by the Government—is needed to rectify this situation. This is legally incorrect, as the guidance published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in March this year makes clear.
We are concerned that such repeated inaccurate reporting of this issue has created fear for homeowners, confusion for the police and ill informed debate among both the public and politicians on reforming the law.
Further, various MPs and Ministers have given statements to the press that are misleading. For example, Housing Minister Grant Shapps told the World Tonight, on the issue of people’s homes being squatted, that “the police don’t act because the law does not support the police acting”. Similarly, Conservative MP Mike Weatherley, who has campaigned in support of the proposed change in the law, was quoted in the Daily Mail as saying that for someone finding squatters in their “home” the situation is that: “if those squatters claim that they did not break into your property — though they almost certainly will have done — you have no powers to throw them out”. Where the property is someone’s home, these statements are quite simply wrong.
By making misleading statements and failing to challenge inaccurate reporting, ministers have furthered the myths being peddled around squatting.
We want it to be clear that it is already a criminal offence for a squatter to occupy someone’s home, or a home that a person intends to occupy, under the Criminal Law Act 1977. A homeowner will be a Displaced Residential Occupier, or if they are intending to move into the property, a Protected Intended Occupier. In either case, it is a criminal offence for a squatter to remain in the property as soon as they have been told of the displaced occupier or a protected occupier. The police can arrest any trespasser who does not leave. The displaced or protected occupier can use force to enter the property and reasonable force to remove the trespassers.
Thus it seems that recent high profile cases, such as those of Dr Oliver Cockerell and his wife or of Miss Julia High, could and should have been dealt with under existing criminal law. If they were not, it is likely that this was due to a lack of understanding of the law on the part of the homeowners or the police, who apparently considered these to be civil law matters.
Unfortunately, Government ministers like Mr Shapps and Mr Blunt have not taken the opportunity to make people’s existing remedies clear when giving interviews or quotes for such prominent articles. For example, in a front page article in the London Evening Standard, Grant Shapps was quoted as saying that the case of the Cockerells showed the need to speed up the timetable for the introduction of the new proposals into law. However, the new proposals would make very little or no practical difference to a case such as the Cockerells’, if the current law was actually used. Instead of clarifying the scope of the law, statements by ministers have at times obscured it.
Squatting of vacant property that is not a home is not a criminal offence. The person with a right to the property who wants to recover possession should go to the civil courts for a possession order to protect their position. However, they can apply for an Interim Possession Order, which typically takes a few days. Once the interim order is made and served, the squatters must leave within 24 hours or commit a criminal offence.
The current law therefore provides a range of options for immediate or rapid possession for those with trespassers in their homes and those seeking to regain possession of vacant property. But newspaper articles have frequently misrepresented this, stating that homeowners face weeks of civil proceedings to regain their homes and that the trespassers have ‘squatter’s rights’ in occupying a home.
We are very concerned that a proper debate over the value and effect of the new proposals to further criminalise occupation of buildings is threatened by widespread distortions of the current law. As the proposals would have far reaching consequences for many vulnerable people, there is a need for informed factual discussion rather than a response based on sensationalist misrepresentation.
We believe that ministers should make clear the extent of the current law and the actual nature of the proposed reforms and correct any statements they have made which are likely to have confused the public. We further believe that newspapers and other media have a duty to inform their readers, rather than create fear and confusion through misrepresentation.
Yours faithfully,
When writing the article for today’s paper, the Guardian asked Grant Shapps, the Minister named as one of those perpetuating the misrepresentation, for his comment. Mr Shapps’ response was, in full:
Housing Minister Grant Shapps said:
“The guidance I published earlier this year makes clear to homeowners where the law stands on squatters, however commonsense suggests there should be quick and tough sanctions available when someone’s home is squatted, without the homeowner necessarily needing to bring a civil case.
“That’s why we’re consulting on making squatting a criminal offence, to shut the door on so-called ‘squatters rights’ once and for all, and end the misery and expense that homeowners can endure.
The more eagle-eyed readers might have spotted that saying that homeowners had to bring civil cases and definitely not saying that squatting a home was already a criminal offence was exactly the misrepresentation of which the letter complains.
Mr Shapps gets top marks for persistence, but keeping on with the same schtick in response to a letter from a lot of annoyed lawyers calling him out on precisely that point is not necessarily the brightest of responses.
There would appear to be only three possible explanations: i) The Minister is genuinely unaware of the current law – not a very attractive position when he is bringing proposals to change it and suggesting a considerable carelessness about his brief; ii) The Minister is very badly advised – also not attractive, given that these are the people behind the proposed change in the law; or iii) The Minister is knowingly and flagrantly misrepresenting the current law.
I hope to get some clarification from Mr Shapps as to which of the three applies…
Mr Shapps has also responded to the Guardian article on twitter (@grantshapps), saying:
“grantshapps Grant Shapps MP
These lawyers are sadly out of touch for believing that taking “a few days” to clear squatters is a reasonable outcome!”
Both the Guardian journalist and I responded, both asking for his confirmation that he actually knew that squatting a home was already a criminal offence, but so far, utter silence and tumbleweed.
Of course, how Mr Shapps’ proposals would result in regaining possession in fewer than ‘a few days’ is very much open to question, given the existing police reluctance to respond even where there is a DRO or PIO and an existing offence. Will the police actually get a sudden surge of enthusiasm for dealing with occupied properties? Or does Mr Shapps propose to interfere with the police’s operational independence? Now that would be politically interesting.
But these are issues for the consultation currently underway. Our concern right here is with people being unable – for whatever reason – to get the current law right. And Mr Shapps has failed to get it right even when 158 lawyers advise him on it. And pro bono at that – think what he would have to pay for that kind of advice. Never let it be said that we are not public spirited.